-
1.
Effects of exercise on sleep in children with overweight/obesity: a randomized clinical trial.
Torres-Lopez, LV, Migueles, JH, Cadenas-Sanchez, C, Bendtsen, M, Henriksson, P, Mora-Gonzalez, J, Löf, M, Chaput, JP, Ortega, FB
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). 2024;(2):281-290
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects of a 20-week exercise training program on device-assessed sleep and sleep-disordered breathing; and to determine whether participating in a session of the exercise program had effects on device-assessed sleep the subsequent night in children with overweight/obesity. METHODS A randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2014 to June 2016. A total of 109 children (age 8-11 years) with overweight/obesity were randomized into an exercise training or control group. The exercise program included aerobic and resistance training 3 to 5 days/week. The control group participants continued their usual lifestyle. Device-assessed sleep outcomes were measured using wrist-worn actigraphy at baseline, in the middle of the exercise program (10th week), and at postintervention for seven consecutive days (24 h/day), and sleep-disordered breathing was measured via the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS The exercise training program had a statistically significant effect on wake after sleep onset time (-10.8 min/day, -0.5 SDs, p = 0.040). No other chronic or acute effects (i.e., the subsequent night of attending a session of the exercise training program) were observed on the remaining sleep outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A 20-week exercise training program reduced wake after sleep onset time in children with overweight/obesity. Future randomized trials that include a sample of children with poor sleep health at baseline are needed to better appreciate the role of exercise in sleep health.
-
2.
The role of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in obesity.
Chaput, JP, McHill, AW, Cox, RC, Broussard, JL, Dutil, C, da Costa, BGG, Sampasa-Kanyinga, H, Wright, KP
Nature reviews. Endocrinology. 2023;(2):82-97
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
Traditional risk factors for obesity and the metabolic syndrome, such as excess energy intake and lack of physical activity, cannot fully explain the high prevalence of these conditions. Insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment predispose individuals to poor metabolic health and promote weight gain and have received increased research attention in the past 10 years. Insufficient sleep is defined as sleeping less than recommended for health benefits, whereas circadian misalignment is defined as wakefulness and food intake occurring when the internal circadian system is promoting sleep. This Review discusses the impact of insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment in humans on appetite hormones (focusing on ghrelin, leptin and peptide-YY), energy expenditure, food intake and choice, and risk of obesity. Some potential strategies to reduce the adverse effects of sleep disruption on metabolic health are provided and future research priorities are highlighted. Millions of individuals worldwide do not obtain sufficient sleep for healthy metabolic functions. Furthermore, modern working patterns, lifestyles and technologies are often not conducive to adequate sleep at times when the internal physiological clock is promoting it (for example, late-night screen time, shift work and nocturnal social activities). Efforts are needed to highlight the importance of optimal sleep and circadian health in the maintenance of metabolic health and body weight regulation.
-
3.
Toward an Integrated Consideration of 24 h Movement Guidelines and Nutritional Recommendations.
Fournier, E, Łuszczki, E, Isacco, L, Chanséaume-Bussiere, E, Gryson, C, Chambrier, C, Drapeau, V, Chaput, JP, Thivel, D
Nutrients. 2023;(9)
Abstract
While physical activity, sleep and sedentary behaviors are almost always considered independently, they should be considered as integrated human behaviors. The 24 h Movement approach proposes a concomitant consideration of these behaviors to promote overall health. Not only do these behaviors impact energy expenditure, but they have also been shown to separately impact energy intake, which should be further explored when considering the entire integration of these movement behaviors under the 24 h movement approach. After an evaluation of the prevalence of meeting the 24 h Movement and dietary recommendations, this review summarizes the available evidence (using English publications indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE) regarding the association between the 24 h Movement Guidelines and eating habits. Altogether, the results clearly show the beneficial impact of promoting the 24 h guidelines simultaneously, highlighting that the higher the number of respected movement recommendations, the better eating behaviors in both children and adults. Importantly, our results point out the importance of emphasizing the need to reach sedentary guidelines for better eating habits. Movement and dietary behaviors appear closely related, and giving recommendations on one might impact the other. Combining the 24 h Movement with dietary Guidelines might be more efficient than promoting them separately in public health strategies.
-
4.
Economic burden of low cardiorespiratory fitness in Canada.
Chaput, JP, Janssen, I, Sampasa-Kanyinga, H, Tomkinson, GR, Lang, JJ
Preventive medicine. 2023;:107424
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate health care and health-related productivity costs associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in Canadian adults. We also estimated costs that would be avoided by a 10 percentage point prevalence reduction in low CRF. A prevalence-based approach was used to estimate the economic costs associated with low CRF. Three pieces of information were used: (1) the pooled relative risk estimates of adverse health outcomes consistently associated with low CRF obtained from meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies; (2) the prevalence of low CRF in Canadian men and women obtained from a nationally representative sample; and (3) the direct (health care) and indirect (lost productivity due to premature mortality) costs of the adverse health outcomes based on the Economic Burden of Illness in Canada data. We estimated the total annual economic burden of low CRF in Canadian adults at CAD$3.6 billion, representing 2.7% of the overall Canadian burden of illness costs in 2021. The three most expensive chronic diseases attributable to low CRF were type 2 diabetes (CAD$1.3 billion), heart disease (CAD$701 million), and depression/anxiety (CAD$565 million). Prescription drug expenditures and hospital care expenditures were the main contributors to the total economic burden. An absolute 10% reduction in the prevalence of low CRF (from 45.5% to 35.5%) would save an estimated CAD$644 million per year in costs. In conclusion, low CRF is an important contributor to the economic burden of illness in Canada. Evidence-based and cost-effective strategies that aim to increase CRF at the population level may help alleviate health care costs and improve health.
-
5.
Muscular Fitness and Cardiometabolic Variables in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.
de Lima, TR, Martins, PC, Moreno, YMF, Chaput, JP, Tremblay, MS, Sui, X, Silva, DAS
Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.). 2022;(7):1555-1575
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of muscular fitness (MF) in the performance of activities of daily living is unequivocal. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown MF can reduce cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine and summarize the evidence regarding the relationship between MF phenotypes (i.e., maximum muscular strength/power, muscular endurance, and maximum muscular strength/power/endurance) and cardiometabolic variables (obesity, blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory markers, and clustered cardiometabolic variables) in children and adolescents. DESIGN This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020179273. DATA SOURCES A systematic review was performed on five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) from database inception to May 2020, with complementary searches in reference lists. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Eligibility criteria included (1) a study sample of youth aged ≤ 19 years, (2) an assessment of MF with individual or clustered cardiometabolic variables derived from adjusted models (regardless of test/measurement adopted or direction of reported association), and (3) a report of the association between both, using observational studies. Only original articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Portuguese, and Spanish languages were considered. The quality of the included studies was assessed by using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute checklist. The percentage of results reporting a statistically significant inverse association between each MF phenotype and cardiometabolic variables was calculated. RESULTS Of the 23,686 articles initially identified, 96 were included (77 cross-sectional and 19 longitudinal), with data from children and adolescents from 35 countries. The score for the quality of evidence ranged from 0.33 to 0.92 (1.00 maximum). MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power was inversely associated with lower obesity (64/113 total results (56.6%)) and reduction in clustered cardiometabolic risk (28/48 total results (58.3%)). When assessed by muscular endurance, an inverse association with obesity (30/44 total results (68.1%)) and cardiometabolic risk (5/8 total results (62.5%)) was identified. Most of the results for the relationship between MF phenotypes with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and inflammatory markers indicated a paucity of evidence for these interrelationships (percentage of results below 50.0%). CONCLUSION MF assessed by maximum muscular strength/power or muscular endurance is potentially associated with lower obesity and lower risk related to clustered cardiometabolic variables in children and adolescents. There is limited support for an inverse association between MF with blood pressure, lipids, glucose homeostasis biomarkers, and inflammatory markers in children and adolescents.
-
6.
Timing of sedentary behaviour and access to sedentary activities in the bedroom and their association with sleep quality and duration in children and youth: a systematic review.
Saunders, TJ, McIsaac, T, Campbell, J, Douillette, K, Janssen, I, Tomasone, JR, Ross-White, A, Prince, SA, Chaput, JP
Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice. 2022;(4):139-149
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to systematically review the relationship between the timing of sedentary behaviours and access to sedentary activities in the bedroom with sleep duration and quality in children and youth. A secondary purpose was to examine whether these relationships differ when comparing screen-based and non-screen-based sedentary activities. METHODS We searched four databases for peer-reviewed studies published between 1 January 2010 and 19 January 2021. Risk of bias assessment for each study and certainty of evidence were assessed using the GRADE framework. RESULTS We identified 44 eligible papers reporting data from 42 separate datasets and including 239 267 participants. Evening participation in screen-based sedentary behaviours and access to screen-based devices in the bedroom were associated with reduced sleep duration and quality. Daytime screen use was also associated with reduced sleep duration, although this was examined in relatively few studies. Whether performed during the day or night, non-screen-based sedentary behaviours were not consistently associated with sleep duration or quality. The quality of evidence was rated as low to very low for all outcomes. CONCLUSION In order to maximize sleep duration and quality, children and youth should be encouraged to minimize screen time in the evening and remove screens from bedrooms. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42020189082).
-
7.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on elementary schoolers' physical activity, sleep, screen time and diet: A quasi-experimental interrupted time series study.
Burkart, S, Parker, H, Weaver, RG, Beets, MW, Jones, A, Adams, EL, Chaput, JP, Armstrong, B
Pediatric obesity. 2022;(1):e12846
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 school closures pose a threat to children's wellbeing, but no COVID-19-related studies have assessed children's behaviours over multiple years . OBJECTIVE To examine children's obesogenic behaviours during spring and summer of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous data collected from the same children during the same calendar period in the 2 years prior. METHODS Physical activity and sleep data were collected via Fitbit Charge-2 in 231 children (7-12 years) over 6 weeks during spring and summer over 3 years. Parents reported their child's screen time and dietary intake via a survey on 2-3 random days/week. RESULTS Children's behaviours worsened at a greater rate following the pandemic onset compared to pre-pandemic trends. During pandemic spring, sedentary behaviour increased (+79 min; 95% CI = 60.6, 97.1) and MVPA decreased (-10 min, 95% CI = -18.2, -1.1) compared to change in previous springs (2018-2019). Sleep timing shifted later (+124 min; 95% CI = 112.9, 135.5). Screen time (+97 min, 95% CI = 79.0, 115.4) and dietary intake increased (healthy: +0.3 foods, 95% CI = 0.2, 0.5; unhealthy: +1.2 foods, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.5). Similar patterns were observed during summer. CONCLUSIONS Compared to pre-pandemic measures, children's PA, sedentary behaviour, sleep, screen time, and diet were adversely altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may ultimately exacerbate childhood obesity.
-
8.
Effects of Classroom Active Desks on Children and Adolescents' Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Academic Achievements and Overall Health: A Systematic Review.
Guirado, T, Chambonnière, C, Chaput, JP, Metz, L, Thivel, D, Duclos, M
International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;(6)
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of active desks in the school setting on sedentary behavior, physical activity, academic achievements and overall health among children and adolescents aged 5-17 years. A systematic literature search was conducted using five databases until October 2020. Twenty-three studies were included. Studies reported an increase of around 36% in energy expenditure for cycling desks and between 15% and 27.7% for upright active desks. Children increased inhibitory control and selective attention capacity while using cycling desks. A heterogeneous quality of design and of results were observed limiting comparisons and conclusions for each active desk. Despite the lack of strong methodology for the included studies, active desks appear to be a promising intervention in classrooms to improve health-related outcomes in children aged 5-17 years. Due to weak methodology, future studies with stronger study designs and methodology are needed to better inform policy and practice about the role of classroom active desks on health-related outcomes in children and adolescents.
-
9.
Moving Together While Staying Apart: Practical Recommendations for 24-Hour Home-Based Movement Behaviours for Those With Cardiovascular Disease.
O'Neill, CD, Vidal-Almela, S, Terada, T, Way, KL, Kamiya, K, Sperlich, B, Duking, P, Chaput, JP, Prince, SA, Pipe, AL, et al
CJC open. 2021;(12):1495-1504
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 is a global public health crisis that disproportionately affects those with preexisting conditions. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and many key CVD risk factors are modifiable (e.g., physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, obesity). To limit the spread of coronavirus 2019, most governments have implemented restrictions and recommended staying at home, reducing social contact to a select and exclusive few, and limiting large gatherings. Such public health constraints may have unintended, negative health consequences on 24-hour movement behaviours. The primary purpose of this review is to provide practical at-home recommendations for sedentary time, sleep, and physical activity in those living with CVD. Adults with CVD will benefit from practical recommendations to reduce sedentary time, increase purposeful exercise, and maintain optimal sleep patterns while being at home and adhering to public health restrictions. Our recommendations include the following: (i) self-monitoring sitting time; (ii) engaging in 2-3 days per week of purposeful exercise for those with low exercise capacity and > 3 days per week for those with moderate-to-high exercise capacity; (iii) self-monitoring exercise intensity through the use of scales or wearable devices; (iv) maintaining a regular sleep schedule; and (v) moving daily. Clinicians should be aware that clear communication of the importance of limiting prolonged sedentary time, engaging in regular physical activity and exercise, and ensuring optimal sleep in association with the provision of clear, comprehensible, and practical advice is fundamental to ensuring that those living with CVD respond optimally to the challenges posed by the pandemic.
-
10.
Effect of Acute Exercise and Cycling Desk on Energy Intake and Appetite Response to Mental Work: The CORTEX Study.
Thivel, D, Genin, P, Fillon, A, Khammassi, M, Roche, J, Beaulieu, K, Finlayson, G, Chaput, JP, Duclos, M, Tremblay, A, et al
Journal of physical activity & health. 2021;(4):433-439
-
-
Free full text
-
Abstract
BACKGROUND While mental work has been shown to favor overconsumption, the present study compared the effect of a cognitive task alone, followed by acute exercise, or performed on a cycling desk, on short-term food intake and appetite in adults. METHODS A total of 19 normal-weight adults randomly completed: resting session (CON), 30-minute cognitive task (CT), 30-minute cognitive task followed by a 15-minute high-intensity interval exercise bout (CT-EX), and 30-minute cognitive task performed on a cycling desk (CT-CD). Energy expenditure was estimated (heart rate-workload relationship), and energy intake (EI; ad libitum) and appetite (visual analog scales) were assessed. RESULTS Energy expenditure was higher in CT-EX (P < .001) compared with the other conditions and in CT-CD compared with CON and CT (P < .01). EI was higher in CON (P < .05) and CT-CD compared with CT (P < .01). Relative EI was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and lower in CT-EX compared with CT, CT-CD, and CON (all Ps < .001). Area under the curve desire to eat was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and CT-EX (P < .01). Area under the curve prospective food consumption was higher in CON compared with CT-EX (P < .01). Overall composite appetite score was not different between conditions. CONCLUSION While cycling desks are recommended to break up sedentary time, the induced increase in energy expenditure might not be enough to significantly reduce overall short-term relative EI after mental work.